Scientists have successfully given mice full color vision by inserting a human gene into mouse embryos, the WP reports.

Mice normally see in yellows, blues, and grays, and it was not known if the modified mice would be able to use the new gene, or if their brains would have to gradually adjust to the change over generations. Tests revealed that the gene was effective in the first generation.

This is important in the question of making this kind of macro change in creatures. If an animal — or person — is given a new feature or ability, such as tail, or infrared vision, will it be useless because their brains are designed to handle it? This study suggests more plasticity in the brain’s ability to adapt.

The article notes more immediate implications:

The work also points to the possibility of curing some of the millions of colorblind Americans — and even enhancing the vision of healthy people, allowing them to experience a richer palette than is possible with standard-issue eyes.

A scientist suggests that people might be given fourth color receptor — human have three — and thus be able to see a whole new world of color. One can iimagine ready adoption of vision enhancements by soldiers, including the ability to see colors invisible to normal people, and also to see in the dark without mechanical enhancements.